cao_xiao_qin's blog System Research

pygame

2018-09-04

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安装:pip install Pygame

1、初始化游戏模块

pygame.init()

2、创建游戏窗口

set_mode((100, 200)) : 单位像素

window = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 600))
#窗口大小:元组,元组中的两个值表示宽度和高度

程序结束窗口会自动关闭,所以需要循环或者其他方式让窗口手动关闭。

3、给窗口填充颜色

颜色:计算机三原色(红、绿、蓝),每个颜色对应的值范围是0-255.可以改变三原色的值可以调配出不同的颜色。 颜色值:是一个元组,有三个元素,分别代表红绿蓝(rgb)。 (255, 0 ,0) –> 红色 (0, 0, 0) –> 黑色 (255, 255 , 255) –> 白色

window.fill((255, 255, 255))

4、让游戏一直运行,直到点关闭按钮才结束

while True:
    #获取游戏过程中产生的所有事件
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        # type判断事件的类型(QUIT:点击×)
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            exit() #退出程序

a、事件的type — 决定发生的是什么事件

QUIT : 关闭按钮被点击事件

鼠标事件: MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: 鼠标按下事件 MOUSEBUTTONUP: 鼠标按下松开时对应的事件 MOUSEMOTION:鼠标移动事件

键盘事件: KEYDOWN: 键盘按下 KEYUP: 键盘弹起

b.事件的pos(event.pos) — 鼠标事件发生的位置(坐标)

c.事件的key(event.key) — 键盘事件被按的键对应的编码值

应用:

for event in pygame.event.get():
    # 不同的事件发生后,对应type值不一样
    if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
        print('点击关闭按钮')
        exit()
    elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
        # 鼠标按下要做的事情就写在这儿
        print(event.pos)
        print('鼠标按下')
        # 鼠标按下一次画一个球
        # pygame.draw.circle(window, (randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255),\
        #                             randint(0,255)), event.pos, randint(20, 50))
        # pygame.display.flip()

    elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
        print('鼠标弹起', event.pos)
    elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
        # 鼠标按下一次画一个球
        pygame.draw.circle(window, (randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), \
                                    randint(0, 255)), event.pos, 20)
        pygame.display.flip()
        # print('鼠标正在移动', event.pos)
        pass
    elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
        print('键盘按下', event.key, chr(event.key))
    elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
        print('键盘弹起')

5、图片相关

获取本地的一张图片,返回图片对象 image.load(路径) (1)获取图片,创建图片对象

image = pygame.image.load('./files/luffy4.jpg')

获取图片的宽和高

image.get_size() : 获取屏幕宽和高,返回一个元组(宽、高)

形变: a、缩放 transform.scale(缩放对象,目标大小) 将制定的对象缩放到指定的大小,会返回缩放后的对象。

new_image = pygame.transform.scale(image,(100,100))

b、旋转缩放(指定缩放比例) transform.rotozoom(Surface, angle, scale) Surface:旋转缩放对象 angle:旋转角度( 0~360) scale:缩放比例(初始为1) c、旋转 transform.rotate(Surface, angle) Surface:旋转对象 angle:旋转角度(0~360) (2)渲染图片(将图片画在纸上)

window.blit(渲染对象, 位置)

位置:坐标(x,y)

window = blit(image, (0,0))

坐标计算如下图:

(3)展示内容(将纸展示)

一般第一次用这个方法

pygame.display.flip()

一定范围刷新

pygame.display.update()

6、文字相关

(1)、字体对象

a、系统字体(一般不支持中文) font = pygame.font.SysFont('Times', 30) SysFont(name, size, bold=False, italic=False) bold : 是否加粗 italic:是否倾斜 b、自定义字体对象(支持 ttf 文件) Font(字体文件路径,字体大小) font = pygame.font.Font(‘./file/aa.ttf’, 30)

(2)、根据字体去创建文字对象

render(text, antialias, color,background=None) text : 需要显示的文字(字符串) antialias:是否平滑(布尔) color:(颜色) background:背景颜色

text = font.render('hello', True, (0, 0, 255))

(3)、渲染文字 window.blit(text, (50,50)) (4)、展示内容 pygame.display.flip()

7、图形相关

(1)、直线
a、线段

pygame.draw.line(Surface, color, start_pos, end_pos, width=1) Surface:画在哪儿 color:线的颜色 start_pos:起点 end_pos:终点 width:宽度

#水平线
pygame.draw.line(window, (255, 0, 0), (50, 100), (200, 100))
b、多条线段(折线)

lines(Surface, color, closed, pointlist, blend=1) colsed:是否闭合

pygame.draw.lines(window, (0, 255, 0), False, [(100,200), (150,120), (140,150)])
c、圆

pygame.draw.circle(Surface,color,pos,radius,width=0) Surface:圆心半径 color:颜色 pos:位置 radius:半径 width:线段,0->填充

pygame.draw.circle(window,(255,255,0),(250,275),100,0)
d、矩形

pygame.draw.rect(Surface,color,Rect,width=0) Surface:画在哪儿 color:颜色 Rect:范围(元组,元组中有四个元素,分别是x,y,width,height) width:线宽,0->填充

pygame.draw.rect(window,(255,0,0),(0,0,50,100))

e、多边形
pygame.draw.polygon(Surface,color,pointlist,width=0)
f、椭圆
pygame.draw.ellipse(Surface.color,Rect,width=0)
#内切矩形原理
g、弧线
pygame.draw.arc(Surface,color,Rect,start_angle,end_angle,width=1)
#start_angle: 0-2pi
#stop_angle:
#pi --- 180°   1° --- pi/180
#59° = pi/180 * 59
(2)、展示

pygame.display.flip()

8、一些游戏效果原理

(1)、动画原理
import pygame

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 初始化
    pygame.init()
    window = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 600))
    window.fill((255, 255, 255))
    pygame.display.flip()

    # 球的圆心坐标
    x = 100
    y = 100
    r = 50
    add = 4
    y_speed = 2
    # 游戏循环
    while True:

        # 延迟
        # pygame.time.delay(10)

        # 将之前纸上的内容给覆盖
        window.fill((255, 255, 255))
        # 不断的画圆
        pygame.draw.circle(window, (255, 0, 0), (x, y), r)
        pygame.display.update()

        # 改变y值让圆在垂直方向移动
        y += y_speed
        # r += add
        # if r >= 120 or r <= 20:
        #     add *= -1
        # 边界检测
        if y > 600 - r:
            y = 600 - r
            y_speed = -2
        elif y < 50:
            y = 50
            y_speed = 2

        # 事件检测
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                exit()

设置延迟:毫秒 pygame.time.delay(毫秒)

(2)、按住不放原理
import pygame

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 游戏初始化
    pygame.init()
    window = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 600))
    window.fill((255, 255, 255))
    # pygame.display.flip()

    # 1.显示一张图片
    image = pygame.image.load('./files/luffy4.jpg')
    # 缩放
    image = pygame.transform.rotozoom(image, 0, 0.5)
    window.blit(image, (100, 100))
    # 获取图片的宽度和高度
    image_w, image_h = image.get_size()

    pygame.display.flip()

    # 用来存储图片是否移动
    flag = False

    # 保存图片的坐标
    image_x, image_y = 100, 100

    # 游戏循环
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                exit()

            # 鼠标按下
            if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                # 判断按下的位置是否在图片上
                m_x, m_y = event.pos
                if image_x<=m_x<=image_x+image_w and image_y<=m_y<=image_y+image_h:
                    flag = True
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
                flag = False
            # 鼠标移动事件
            # (鼠标在移动并且flag是True)
            if event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION and flag:
                # 填充背景色,覆盖原来的内容
                window.fill((255, 255, 255))
                # 在鼠标移动的位置渲染图片
                # window.blit(image, event.pos)
                center_x, center_y = event.pos
                image_x, image_y = center_x - image_w/2, center_y-image_h/2
                window.blit(image, (image_x, image_y))
                # 更新屏幕的显示
                pygame.display.update()

##pygame小游戏

1、小球碰撞
"""__author__=星辰"""
import pygame
import random
from time import sleep
if __name__=='__main__':
    pygame.init()
    window = pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))
    window.fill((255,255,255))
    pygame.display.flip()
    list_balls=[]
    while True:

        if list_balls:
            for ball in list_balls:
                x,y=ball['pos']
                r=ball['re']
                index=list_balls.index(ball)
                if index<len(list_balls)-1:
                    while index+1<len(list_balls):
                        ball2=list_balls[index+1]
                        x2,y2=ball2['pos']
                        if (x2-x)**2+(y2-y)**2<=(2*r)**2:
                            if x>=x2:
                                ball['xs']=1
                                ball2['xs']=-1
                            if x<=x2:
                                ball['xs'] = -1
                                ball2['xs'] = 1

                            if y>=y2:
                                ball['ys']=-1
                                ball2['ys']=1
                            if y<=y2:
                                ball['ys']=1
                                ball2['ys']=-1
                        index +=1

                if x+r>=800:
                    xs = -1
                    ball['xs']=xs
                if x-r<=0:
                    xs = 1
                    ball['xs'] = xs
                if y+r>=600:
                    ys = -1
                    ball['ys']=ys
                if y-r<=0:
                    ys=1
                    ball['ys'] = ys
                x += ball['xs']
                y += ball['ys']
                ball['pos']=(x,y)
                pygame.draw.circle(window,ball['rgb'],(x,y),ball['re'],ball['width'])
            sleep(0.01)
            pygame.display.flip()

            window.fill((255,255,255))


        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
                exit(0)
            if event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                dic_ball = {}
                dic_ball['rgb']=(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255))
                dic_ball['pos']=event.pos
                dic_ball['re']=20
                dic_ball['width']=0
                dic_ball['xs']=[-1,1][random.randint(0,1)]
                dic_ball['ys']=[-1,1][random.randint(0,1)]
                # pygame.draw.circle(window,dic_ball['rgb'],dic_ball['pos'],dic_ball['re'],dic_ball['width'])
                list_balls.append(dic_ball)
                pygame.display.flip()
                sleep(0.01)
                window.fill((255,255,255))
2、接球游戏
import pygame
import random
from time import sleep
if __name__=='__main__':
    pygame.init()
    mx = 0
    my = 300
    m_width=100
    m_height=10
    window = pygame.display.set_mode((600,400))
    window.fill((255,255,255))
    pygame.draw.rect(window,(255,0,0),(mx,my,m_width,m_height),0)
    pygame.display.flip()



    xs=1
    ys=1
    x=random.randint(0,600)
    y=random.randint(0,400)


    while True:
        pygame.draw.circle(window, (255, 0, 0), (x, y), 20, 0)
        pygame.draw.rect(window, (255, 0, 0), (mx, my, m_width, m_height), 0)
        pygame.display.update()  # 可以刷新指定的范围
        x +=xs
        y +=ys
        window.fill((255,255,255))
        if mx<=(x+20)<=mx+m_width and y+20>=300 :
            if xs>0:
                xs = 1
            else:
                xs = -1
            ys = -1
        elif x+20==600 :
            xs = -1
        if (x-20)==0:
            xs = 1
        if (y-20)==0:
            ys = 1
        if (y+20)>320:
            exit(0)


        sleep(0.01)
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                exit(0)
            if event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
                mx,my=event.pos
                mx=mx-m_width/2
                my=300

3、大球吃小球
import pygame
import random
from time import sleep
if __name__=='__main__':
    pygame.init()
    window = pygame.display.set_mode((800,600))
    window.fill((255,255,255))
    pygame.display.flip()
    list_balls=[]
    while True:

        if list_balls:
            for ball in list_balls:
                x,y=ball['pos']
                r1=ball['re']
                if r1>=150:
                    ball['re']=10
                    r1=10
                index=list_balls.index(ball)
                if index<len(list_balls)-1:
                    while index+1<len(list_balls):
                        ball2=list_balls[index+1]
                        r2 = ball2['re']
                        x2,y2=ball2['pos']
                        if (x2-x)**2+(y2-y)**2<=(r1+r2)**2:
                            if r1>r2:
                                ball['re']=int(r1+r2/2)
                                list_balls.remove(ball2)
                            if r1<=r2:
                                ball2['re'] =int(r2 + r1 / 2)
                                list_balls.remove(ball)
                        index +=1

                if x+r1>=800:
                    xs = -1
                    ball['xs']=xs
                if x-r1<=0:
                    xs = 1
                    ball['xs'] = xs
                if y+r1>=600:
                    ys = -1
                    ball['ys']=ys
                if y-r1<=0:
                    ys=1
                    ball['ys'] = ys
                x += ball['xs']
                y += ball['ys']
                ball['pos']=(x,y)
                pygame.draw.circle(window,ball['rgb'],(x,y),ball['re'],ball['width'])
            sleep(0.001)
            pygame.display.flip()

            window.fill((255,255,255))


        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type==pygame.QUIT:
                exit(0)
            if event.type==pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                dic_ball = {}
                dic_ball['rgb']=(random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255),random.randint(0,255))
                dic_ball['pos']=event.pos
                dic_ball['re']=random.randint(10,30)
                dic_ball['width']=0
                dic_ball['xs']=[-1,1][random.randint(0,1)]
                dic_ball['ys']=[-1,1][random.randint(0,1)]
                # pygame.draw.circle(window,dic_ball['rgb'],dic_ball['pos'],dic_ball['re'],dic_ball['width'])
                list_balls.append(dic_ball)
                pygame.display.flip()
                sleep(0.01)
                window.fill((255,255,255))


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